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Silverlight同步(Synchronous)调用WCF服务

 Silverlight的RIA应用中访问远端的WebService或WCF服务,都是通过异步线程模式调用的。在某些情况下我们的调用是需要同步进行,虽然Silverlight没有内置同步线程模式调用远端服务接口,但是我们可以通过多线程的处理来伪装出同步调用的实现。在.NET Framework的多线程编程中提供了丰富的线程接口,其中AutoResetEvent和ManualResetEvent在多线程编码中最为常用,本文将介绍如何通过AutoResetEvent的线程等待特性实现Silverlight同步调用远端WCF服务。

一、定义WCF服务

  为了演示同步调用WCF服务的实现,提供一个简单的WCF服务接口,完成返回一本图书基本信息,WCF服务接口定义如下:

[ServiceContract]
public interface IDataService
{
    [OperationContract]
    Book GetBook();
}

public class Book
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Author { get; set; }
    public double Price { get; set; }
}
  接口提供一个返回图书基本信息的方法包括图书编好,图书名,图书作者以及图书价格。接口具体的实现如下代码

public class DataService : IDataService
{
    public Book GetBook()
    {
        return new Book
        {
            ID = 1001,
            Name = "《三国演义》",
            Author = "罗贯中",
            Price = 89.50
        };
    }
}
   如上提供可正常运行的WCF服务接口,在需要调用接口的地方通过WEB引用既可生成该服务的客户端代理对象。

二、基于MVVM模式的视图模型

  MVVM模式的核心为INotifyPropertyChanged接口,对于实体模型对象和UI控件元素间提供了完善的同步更新特性。为了方便界面元素同步更新,这里引入了MVVP模式的简单应用。

public class viewmodelBase : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

    protected void RaisePropertyChangedEvent(string propertyName)
    {
        var handler = PropertyChanged;
        if (handler != null)
            handler(this,new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
}
  还需要对应于服务接口中的Book对象定义一个viewmodel对象,详细如下代码所示:

public class Bookviewmodel : viewmodelBase
{
    private int iD;
    /// <summary>
    /// 图书ID
    /// </summary>
    public int ID
    {
        get { return iD; }
        set
        {
            iD = value;
            RaisePropertyChangedEvent("ID");
        }
    }

    private string name;
    /// <summary>
    /// 图书名称
    /// </summary>
    public string Name
    {
        get { return name; }
        set
        {
            name = value;
            RaisePropertyChangedEvent("Name");
        }
    }

    private string author;
    /// <summary>
    /// 图书作者
    /// </summary>
    public string Author
    {
        get { return author; }
        set
        {
            author = value;
            RaisePropertyChangedEvent("Author");
        }
    }

    private double price;
    /// <summary>
    /// 图书价格
    /// </summary>
    public double Price
    {
        get { return price; }
        set
        {
            price = value;
            RaisePropertyChangedEvent("Price");
        }
    }
}
三、基于AutoResetEvent的同步实现

   利用AutoResetEvent的线程等待特性,可以折中实现Silverlight同步调用远端WCF服务。其原理就是在Silverlight发起异步调用远端WCF的时候进行线程阻塞,比记录异步调用远端WCF服务接口的完成事件,当异步调用完成后就终止线程阻塞,从而获取状态事件对象中或得调用远程接口所返回的结果。由于视图模型对象实现了INotifyPropertyChanged接口能够及时的更新界面元素,以此间接的就实现了同步方式调用

public class AsyncCallStatus<T>
{
    public AsyncCallStatus()
    {

    }

    public T CompletedEventArgs { get; set; }
}
public class BookFacade
{
    private AutoResetEvent autoResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);

    public void GetBook(Bookviewmodel viewmodel)
    {
        if (viewmodel == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("viewmodel","参数不能为空。");
        }

        DataService.DataServiceClient client = new DataService.DataServiceClient();
        client.GetBookCompleted += client_GetBookCompleted;

        var status = new AsyncCallStatus<GetBookCompletedEventArgs>();
        client.GetBookAsync(status);
        //阻塞线程
        autoResetEvent.WaitOne();

        if (status.CompletedEventArgs.Error != null)
        {
            throw status.CompletedEventArgs.Error;
        }
        var book = status.CompletedEventArgs.Result;
        viewmodel.ID = book.ID;
        viewmodel.Name = book.Name;
        viewmodel.Author = book.Author;
        viewmodel.Price = book.Price;
    }

    private void client_GetBookCompleted(object sender,GetBookCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
        var status = e.UserState as AsyncCallStatus<GetBookCompletedEventArgs>;

        status.CompletedEventArgs = e;
        //终止线程阻塞
        autoResetEvent.Set();
    }
}
四、Silverlight前端调用

  Siverlight前端就简单布局一个表单作为数据呈现界面,其代码如下:

<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White">
    <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Left" Name="grid1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="300" Margin="20">
        <Grid.RowDeFinitions>
            <RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
            <RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
            <RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
            <RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
            <RowDeFinition Height="30"></RowDeFinition>
        </Grid.RowDeFinitions>
        <Grid.ColumnDeFinitions>
            <ColumnDeFinition Width="60"></ColumnDeFinition>
            <ColumnDeFinition Width="*"></ColumnDeFinition>
        </Grid.ColumnDeFinitions>
        <sdk:Label  HorizontalAlignment="Left" Content="图书编号:" VerticalAlignment="Center" Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0"/>
        <TextBox Text="{Binding ID}" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0"></TextBox>
        <sdk:Label  HorizontalAlignment="Left" Content="图书名称:" VerticalAlignment="Center" Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="1"/>
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Name}" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1"></TextBox>
        <sdk:Label  HorizontalAlignment="Left" Content="图书作者:" VerticalAlignment="Center" Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="2"/>
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Author}" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="2"></TextBox>
        <sdk:Label  HorizontalAlignment="Left" Content="图书价格:" VerticalAlignment="Center" Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="3"/>
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Price}" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="3"></TextBox>
           
        <Button Content="查询" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="4" Width="60" Height="23" Click="Button_Click"></Button>
    </Grid>
</Grid>
   通过按钮执行调用WCF服务接口查询图书信息,按钮事件直接使用上面所写的图书门面类(BookFacade)的调用服务方法即可。

private void Button_Click(object sender,RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(delegate(object o)
        {
            Bookviewmodel viewmodel = new Bookviewmodel();

            new BookFacade().GetBook(viewmodel);

            Deployment.Current.dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => this.DataContext = viewmodel);        });    }    catch (Exception ex)    {        MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());    }}   最终的运行如下图所示效果

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