如何在汇编语言中使用errno打印错误消息

我正在使用sys_write系统调用写入汇编语言的stdout ，如果在写入期间发生错误，然后正常退出，我想要打印一条错误消息。

我只能退出，但无法使用errno和perror打印错误消息。 任何build议如何处理如果syscall失败的错误。 我想根据发生的错误types打印错误信息。 我在Ubuntu 14.04上 ，我正在使用nasm编译我的汇编代码。 目前我只做这个：

test rax,rax ; Lets make sure the file descriptor is valid js skipwrite ;

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perror和errno仅在链接libc （ -lc ）时才可用。

一个“裸机” syscall （没有库支持）通常在失败的情况下返回“标准错误代码的负面”（ man syscall（2） ） 。 用一个简单的NEG你会得到错误的正数。

错误编号可以在Linux源文件include/asm-generic/errno-base.h和include/asm-generic/errno.h 。

可能出现的错误在man-pages（例如man open（2））中有描述。 这里可以找出一个具体的系统调用的名字（有点想象力）。 对已知工作的项目采取措施是有帮助的。

我写了一个示例，演示如何构建带有错误消息的“Pascal”字符串列表以及如何遍历该列表：

DEFAULT rel GLOBAL _start SECTION .data non_existing_file db "bielefeld.txt",0 SECTION .text _start: push rbp mov rbp,rsp and rsp,-16 ; Align 16 mov rdi,non_existing_file ; Pointer to null-terminated filename xor rsi,rsi ; RD_ONLY mov rax,2 ; sys_open syscall ; Call Linux ; if no errorcode (EAX > -1 || EAX < -133) exit (and close) cmp eax,-1 jg .done cmp eax,-133 jl .done neg rax ; Get positive error number: RAX = Abs (RAX) mov rdi,rax ; Argument for my_perror call my_perror ; Output error message .done: leave xor edi,edi ; Return 0 mov eax,60 ; sys_exit syscall ;==================== my_perror ==================== SECTION .text my_perror: ; ARG: RDI=errno push rbp mov rbp,rsp sub rsp,16 ; Aligning 16 though only one byte is needed ; No processing if wrong number test edi,edi jz .done cmp edi,133 ja .done ; Walk through the err_txt-list xor edx,edx mov rsi,err_txt .L1: lea rsi,[rsi+rdx] mov dl,[rsi] ; Length of string add rsi,1 ; Pointer to string sub edi,1 jnz .L1 mov edi,1 ; stdout mov eax,1 ; sys_write syscall ; call Linux mov byte [rsp],0x0A ; LineFeed mov rsi,rsp mov edx,1 mov edi,1 ; sys_write syscall ; call Linux .done: leave ret SECTION .data %MACRO DATA_ERR 1 %strlen len %1 db len,%1 %ENDMACRO err_txt: ; /usr/src/linux-source-3.2/include/asm-generic/errno-base.h DATA_ERR "Operation not permitted" ; EPERM 1 DATA_ERR "No such file or directory" ; ENOENT 2 DATA_ERR "No such process" ; ESRCH 3 DATA_ERR "Interrupted system call" ; EINTR 4 DATA_ERR "I/O error" ; EIO 5 DATA_ERR "No such device or address" ; ENXIO 6 DATA_ERR "Argument list too long" ; E2BIG 7 DATA_ERR "Exec format error" ; ENOEXEC 8 DATA_ERR "Bad file number" ; EBADF 9 DATA_ERR "No child processes" ; ECHILD 10 DATA_ERR "Try again" ; EAGAIN 11 DATA_ERR "Out of memory" ; ENOMEM 12 DATA_ERR "Permission denied" ; EACCES 13 DATA_ERR "Bad address" ; EFAULT 14 DATA_ERR "Block device required" ; ENOTBLK 15 DATA_ERR "Device or resource busy" ; EBUSY 16 DATA_ERR "File exists" ; EEXIST 17 DATA_ERR "Cross-device link" ; EXDEV 18 DATA_ERR "No such device" ; ENODEV 19 DATA_ERR "Not a directory" ; ENOTDIR 20 DATA_ERR "Is a directory" ; EISDIR 21 DATA_ERR "Invalid argument" ; EINVAL 22 DATA_ERR "File table overflow" ; ENFILE 23 DATA_ERR "Too many open files" ; EMFILE 24 DATA_ERR "Not a typewriter" ; ENottY 25 DATA_ERR "Text file busy" ; ETXTBSY 26 DATA_ERR "File too large" ; EFBIG 27 DATA_ERR "No space left on device" ; ENOSPC 28 DATA_ERR "Illegal seek" ; ESPIPE 29 DATA_ERR "Read-only file system" ; EROFS 30 DATA_ERR "Too many links" ; EMLINK 31 DATA_ERR "broken pipe" ; EPIPE 32 DATA_ERR "Math argument out of domain of func" ; EDOM 33 DATA_ERR "Math result not representable" ; ERANGE 34 DATA_ERR "Resource deadlock would occur" ; EDEADLK 35 ; /usr/src/linux-source-3.2/include/asm-generic/errno.h DATA_ERR "File name too long" ; ENAMetoOLONG 36 DATA_ERR "No record locks available" ; ENOLCK 37 DATA_ERR "Function not implemented" ; ENOSYS 38 DATA_ERR "Directory not empty" ; ENOTEMPTY 39 DATA_ERR "Too many symbolic links encountered" ; ELOOP 40 DATA_ERR "Operation would block" ; EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN DATA_ERR "No message of desired type" ; ENOMSG 42 DATA_ERR "Identifier removed" ; EIDRM 43 DATA_ERR "Channel number out of range" ; ECHRNG 44 DATA_ERR "Level 2 not synchronized" ; EL2NSYNC 45 DATA_ERR "Level 3 halted" ; EL3HLT 46 DATA_ERR "Level 3 reset" ; EL3RST 47 DATA_ERR "Link number out of range" ; ELNRNG 48 DATA_ERR "Protocol driver not attached" ; EUNATCH 49 DATA_ERR "No CSI structure available" ; ENOCSI 50 DATA_ERR "Level 2 halted" ; EL2HLT 51 DATA_ERR "Invalid exchange" ; EBADE 52 DATA_ERR "Invalid request descriptor" ; EBADR 53 DATA_ERR "Exchange full" ; EXFULL 54 DATA_ERR "No anode" ; ENOANO 55 DATA_ERR "Invalid request code" ; EBADRQC 56 DATA_ERR "Invalid slot" ; EBADSLT 57 DATA_ERR "Resource deadlock would occur" ; EDEADLOCK EDEADLK DATA_ERR "Bad font file format" ; EBFONT 59 DATA_ERR "Device not a stream" ; ENOSTR 60 DATA_ERR "No data available" ; ENODATA 61 DATA_ERR "Timer expired" ; ETIME 62 DATA_ERR "Out of streams resources" ; ENOSR 63 DATA_ERR "Machine is not on the network" ; ENONET 64 DATA_ERR "Package not installed" ; EnopKG 65 DATA_ERR "Object is remote" ; EREMOTE 66 DATA_ERR "Link has been severed" ; ENOLINK 67 DATA_ERR "Advertise error" ; EADV 68 DATA_ERR "Srmount error" ; ESRMNT 69 DATA_ERR "Communication error on send" ; ECOMM 70 DATA_ERR "Protocol error" ; EPROTO 71 DATA_ERR "Multihop attempted" ; EMULTIHOP 72 DATA_ERR "RFS specific error" ; EDOTDOT 73 DATA_ERR "Not a data message" ; EBADMSG 74 DATA_ERR "Value too large for defined data type" ; EOVERFLOW 75 DATA_ERR "Name not unique on network" ; ENOTUNIQ 76 DATA_ERR "File descriptor in bad state" ; EBADFD 77 DATA_ERR "Remote address changed" ; EREMCHG 78 DATA_ERR "Can not access a needed shared library" ; ELIBACC 79 DATA_ERR "Accessing a corrupted shared library" ; ELIBBAD 80 DATA_ERR ".lib section in a.out corrupted" ; ELIBSCN 81 DATA_ERR "Attempting to link in too many shared libraries" ; ElibmAX 82 DATA_ERR "Cannot exec a shared library directly" ; ELIBEXEC 83 DATA_ERR "Illegal byte sequence" ; EILSEQ 84 DATA_ERR "Interrupted system call should be restarted" ; ERESTART 85 DATA_ERR "Streams pipe error" ; ESTRPIPE 86 DATA_ERR "Too many users" ; EUSERS 87 DATA_ERR "Socket operation on non-socket" ; ENOTSOCK 88 DATA_ERR "Destination address required" ; EDESTADDRREQ 89 DATA_ERR "Message too long" ; EMSGSIZE 90 DATA_ERR "Protocol wrong type for socket" ; EPROTOTYPE 91 DATA_ERR "Protocol not available" ; EnopROTOOPT 92 DATA_ERR "Protocol not supported" ; EPROTONOSUPPORT 93 DATA_ERR "Socket type not supported" ; ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 94 DATA_ERR "Operation not supported on transport endpoint" ; EOPNOTSUPP 95 DATA_ERR "Protocol family not supported" ; EPFNOSUPPORT 96 DATA_ERR "Address family not supported by protocol" ; EAFNOSUPPORT 97 DATA_ERR "Address already in use" ; EADDRINUSE 98 DATA_ERR "Cannot assign requested address" ; EADDRNOTAVAIL 99 DATA_ERR "Network is down" ; ENETDOWN 100 DATA_ERR "Network is unreachable" ; ENETUNREACH 101 DATA_ERR "Network dropped connection because of reset" ; ENETRESET 102 DATA_ERR "Software caused connection abort" ; ECONNABORTED 103 DATA_ERR "Connection reset by peer" ; ECONNRESET 104 DATA_ERR "No buffer space available" ; ENOBUFS 105 DATA_ERR "Transport endpoint is already connected" ; EISCONN 106 DATA_ERR "Transport endpoint is not connected" ; ENOTCONN 107 DATA_ERR "Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown" ; ESHUTDOWN 108 DATA_ERR "Too many references: cannot splice" ; etoOMANYREFS 109 DATA_ERR "Connection timed out" ; ETIMEDOUT 110 DATA_ERR "Connection refused" ; ECONNREFUSED 111 DATA_ERR "Host is down" ; EHOSTDOWN 112 DATA_ERR "No route to host" ; ehostunreach 113 DATA_ERR "Operation already in progress" ; EALREADY 114 DATA_ERR "Operation Now in progress" ; EINPROGRESS 115 DATA_ERR "Stale NFS file handle" ; ESTALE 116 DATA_ERR "Structure needs cleaning" ; EUCLEAN 117 DATA_ERR "Not a XENIX named type file" ; ENOTNAM 118 DATA_ERR "No XENIX semaphores available" ; ENAVAIL 119 DATA_ERR "Is a named type file" ; EISNAM 120 DATA_ERR "Remote I/O error" ; EREMOTEIO 121 DATA_ERR "Quota exceeded" ; EDQUOT 122 DATA_ERR "No medium found" ; ENOMEDIUM 123 DATA_ERR "Wrong medium type" ; EMEDIUMTYPE 124 DATA_ERR "Operation Canceled" ; ECANCELED 125 DATA_ERR "required key not available" ; ENOKEY 126 DATA_ERR "Key has expired" ; EKEYEXPIRED 127 DATA_ERR "Key has been revoked" ; EKEYREVOKED 128 DATA_ERR "Key was rejected by service" ; EKEYREJECTED 129 DATA_ERR "Owner died" ; EOWNERDEAD 130 DATA_ERR "State not recoverable" ; ENOTRECOVERABLE 131 DATA_ERR "Operation not possible due to RF-kill" ; ERFKILL 132 DATA_ERR "Memory page has hardware error" ; EHWPOISON 133

Linux上的系统调用接口以小的负数返回错误 – 范围为-1 .. -4095的任何返回值（以％rax为单位）是错误返回码。

因此，在写入系统调用之后，当您检查%rax的值以查看写入了多少个字节时，如果值为负值，则会发生错误，并且负值是错误代码。