linux – 为所有用户设置持久性环境变量

我正在使用以下Linux发行版/内核在本地PC上运行Ubuntu：

$lsb_release -a
>> ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS

$uname -r
>> 4.10.0-33-generic

我有一个python(3.5)脚本,它通过os包调用环境变量.

为简单起见,让我们使用以下脚本test_script.py：

import os

MY_VAR = os.environ['MY_VAR']
print(MY_VAR)

当我从终端运行此脚本时：

$python test_script.py
>>  File "test-script.py", line 3, in <module>
>>    MY_VAR = os.environ['MY_VAR']
>>  File "/home/USER/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 669, in __getitem__
>>    raise KeyError(key) from None
>> KeyError: 'MY_VAR'

ATTEMPT 1

参考：[1] [4]

$MY_VAR=123
$export MY_VAR
$echo $MY_VAR
>> 123
$python test_script.py
>> 123

成功！ …直到我关闭终端并重新打开终端.当我这样做时：

$python test_script.py
>>  File "test-script.py", line 3, in <module>
>>    MY_VAR = os.environ['MY_VAR']
>>  File "/home/USER/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 669, in __getitem__
>>    raise KeyError(key) from None
>> KeyError: 'MY_VAR'

ATTEMPT 2

参考：[2]

到/home/USER/.profile的末尾,我添加以下行：
    #我的变量
    MYVAR = 123

保存.确认已保存.

$python test_script.py
>>  File "test-script.py", line 3, in <module>
>>    MY_VAR = os.environ['MY_VAR']
>>  File "/home/USER/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 669, in __getitem__
>>    raise KeyError(key) from None
>> KeyError: 'MY_VAR'

尝试3

参考：[2]

在/ etc / profile的末尾,我添加以下行：

# my variable
MYVAR=123

保存.确认已保存.

$python test_script.py
>>  File "test-script.py", line 3, in <module>
>>    MY_VAR = os.environ['MY_VAR']
>>  File "/home/USER/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 669, in __getitem__
>>    raise KeyError(key) from None
>> KeyError: 'MY_VAR'

尝试4

参考：[2]

在/etc/profile.d/中创建myvar.sh

添加以下行：

MYVAR=123

保存.确认已保存.

$python test_script.py
>>  File "test-script.py", line 3, in <module>
>>    MY_VAR = os.environ['MY_VAR']
>>  File "/home/USER/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 669, in __getitem__
>>    raise KeyError(key) from None
>> KeyError: 'MY_VAR'

ATTEMPT 5

参考：[2] [3]

到/ etc / environment的末尾,我添加以下行：

MYVAR=123

保存.确认已保存.

$python test_script.py
>>  File "test-script.py", line 3, in <module>
>>    MY_VAR = os.environ['MY_VAR']
>>  File "/home/USER/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 669, in __getitem__
>>    raise KeyError(key) from None
>> KeyError: 'MY_VAR'

请帮忙！我不明白我在这里做错了什么.

[1] How to set environment variables permanently for one user
[2] Permanent Environment Variable for all users
[3] How to permanently set environmental variables
[4] How do I set a user environment variable? (permanently, not session)

解决方法:

您应该使用尝试3或4中的方法,但是您需要导出变量;更改

MYVAR=123

至

export MYVAR=123