LNMP环境的搭建配置
概述：Linux + Nginx + MysqL + PHP。PHP是一种脚本语言，当前中国乃至世界上使用PHP语言开发网站非常普遍。Nginx是一个web服务软件,和apache是一类软件，目前使用Nginx的企业越来越多，MysqL是当前最为流行的小型关系型数据库，LNMP就是一个支持解析PHP程序的环境。
一，安装MysqL：
MysqL初始化
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://mirrors.163.com/MysqL/Downloads/MysqL-5.7/MysqL-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
1，解压MysqL：tar zxvf MysqL-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2，更改位置：# mv MysqL-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/MysqL
3，创建MysqL用户：# useradd -s /sbin/nologin MysqL
4，创建datadir，MysqL数据会放在这里：#cd /usr/local/MysqL
# mkdir -p /data/MysqL
5，更改权限：# chown -R MysqL:MysqL /data/MysqL
6，指定MysqL用户，MysqL包所在的位置，datadir数据库的安装位置：# ./bin/MysqLd/ --initialize --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/usr/local/MysqL/data/MysqL
配置MysqL
1，配置/etc/my.cnf文件
查看/usr/local/MysqL/support-files下有没有my-default.cnf文件，
若有，则复制 #cp /etc/my.cnfcp /usr/local/MysqL/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
若没有，则vim /etc/my.cnf，编辑
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.MysqL.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MysqL.
[MysqLd]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MysqL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/MysqL
datadir = /usr/local/MysqL/data/MysqL
port = 3306
server_id = 128
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
join_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
# cp support-files/MysqL.server /etc/init.d/MysqLd
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/MysqLd
3，修改启动脚本/etc/init.d/MysqLd中datadir（数据库文件储存的地方）的数据
# vim /etc/init.d/MysqLd
4，把启动脚本加入系统服务项，设定开机启动
5，启动MysqL
# service MysqLd start
6，检查MysqL是否启动
# ps aux |grep MysqLd //结果应该大于两行
# netstat -lnp|grep 3306 //看看有没有监听3306端口
安装PHP
1，针对Nginx的PHP安装和针对apache的PHP安装是有区别的
#cd /usr/local/src
#wget http://cn2.PHP.net/distributions/PHP-5.6.39.tar.bz2
2，解压源码包# tar zxf -xjf PHP-5.6.39.tar.bz2
3，创建PHP-fpm账户用来运行PHP-fpm服务。PHP以一个服务PHP-fpm的形式出现，独立存在于linux系统中，方便管理： #useradd -s /sbin/nologin PHP-fpm
4，配置编译选项
#cd PHP-5.3.27
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/PHP-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/PHP-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=PHP-fpm --with-fpm-group=PHP-fpm --with-MysqL=/usr/local/MysqL --with-MysqL-sock=/tmp/MysqL.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl
5，安装库
1） yum install -y libxml2-devel
2） yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
3） yum install -y bzip2 bzip2-devel
4） yum install -y libpng libpng-devel
5） yum install -y freetype freetype-devel
6） yum install -y epel-release
7） yum install -y libmcrypt-devel
8） yum -y install libjpeg-devel
注：可能会出现的问题：1,Linux执行./configuer 编译命令报configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: ....
checking for cc… no
checking for gcc… no
解决办法：原因是缺少gcc 编译环境
有yum源的直接执行 # yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
2,编译命令报checking libxml2 install dir... no
checking for xml2-config path...
configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
解决办法：检查是否安装了libxm包: # rpm -qa |grep libxml2
libxml2-2.6.26-2.1.12
libxml2-python-2.6.26-2.1.12
重新安装libxml2和libxml2-devel包
# yum install libxml2
# yum install libxml2-devel -y
# find / -name "xml2-config"
/usr/bin/xml2-config
4,编译命令报PHP7 configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL’s <ev.h>
解决办法：安装opensll：# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
5,编译命令报If configure fails try --with-vpx-dir=<DIR> configure: error: jpeglib.h not
解决办法：# yum -y install libjpeg-devel
6，编译命令报 configure：error：mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt
先安装epel,再安装libmcrypt
解决办法：# yum install -y epel-release
# yum install -y libmcrypt-devel
7，安装PHP：# make
# make install
8，修改配置文件：# cp PHP.ini-production /usr/local/PHP/etc/PHP.ini
# vim /usr/local/PHP/etc/PHP.ini
[global]
pid = /usr/local/PHP-fpm/var/run/PHP-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/PHP-fpm/var/log/PHP-fpm.log
[www]
listen.mode = 666
user = PHP-fpm
group = PHP-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
保存配置文件之后检查配置是否正确
# /usr/local/PHP/sbin/PHP-fpm -t
9，启动PHP-fpm拷贝启动脚本：# cp /usr/local/src/PHP-5.3.27/sapi/fpm/init.d.PHP-fpm /etc/init.d/PHP-fpm
修改启动脚本权限：# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/PHP-fpm
检测PHP-fpm是否启动：# ps aux |grep PHP-fpm （执行这条命令大概可以看到20多个进程）
安装Nginx
1，下载和解压Nginx：# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget http://Nginx.org/en/download.html/Nginx-1.20.0
# tar zxvf Nginx-1.20.0.tar.gz
2，配置编译选项：# cd Nginx-1.2.9
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Nginx
3，编译和安装Nginx
# make
# make install
4，编写启动脚本 # vim /etc/init.d/Nginx //加入内容
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
Nginx_SBIN="/usr/local/Nginx/sbin/Nginx"
Nginx_CONF="/usr/local/Nginx/conf/Nginx.conf"
Nginx_PID="/usr/local/Nginx/logs/Nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/Nginx_temp
daemon $Nginx_SBIN -c $Nginx_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $Nginx_PID $Nginx_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/Nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $Nginx_PID $Nginx_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
{
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
5，保存改脚本之后修改权限 # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/Nginx
首先把原来的配置文件清空 : # /usr/local/Nginx/conf/Nginx.conf (重定向单独使用，快速清空)
# vim /usr/local/Nginx/conf/Nginx.conf
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/Nginx/logs/Nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/Nginx/logs/Nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
'$host "$request_uri" $status'
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/Nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/Nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/Nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.PHP;
root /usr/local/Nginx/html;
location ~ \.PHP$
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/PHP-fcgi.sock;
fastcgi_index index.PHP;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/Nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
include vhost/*.conf;
}
7，检查配置文件是否有误：# /usr/local/Nginx/sbin/Nginx -t
8，启动Nginx：# service Nginx start
检查Nginx是否启动：# ps aux |grep Nginx
9，测试是否正确解析PHP
创建测试文件：# vim /usr/local/Nginx/html/2.PHP //内容如下
编辑内容如下：
<?PHP
echo "测试PHP是否解析";
?>
执行如下命令测试文件： curl localhost/2.PHP
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