部署主从数据库
- 基础环境安装
（1） 修改主机名
使用远程连接工具连接到192.168.140.130,192.168.140.131这两台虚拟机，并对这两台虚拟机修改主机名，192.168.140.130为MysqL1,192.168.140.131为MysqL2。
MysqL1节点：
MysqL2节点：
（2） 关闭防火墙及SELinux服务
两个节点关闭防火墙及SELinux服务，命令如下：
[root@MysqL1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@MysqL1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
（3） 配置hosts文件
[root@MysqL2 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.140.130 MysqL1
192.168.140.131 MysqL2
（4）安装数据库服务
两个节点自行配置yum源，安装数据库服务，命令如下：
# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
两个节点启动数据库服务并设置开机自启
# systemctl start mariadb
# systemctl enable mariadb
初始化数据库并配置主从服务
（1）初始化数据库
[root@MysqL1 ~]# MysqL_secure_installation
/usr/bin/MysqL_secure_installation:行379: find_MysqL_client: 未找到命令
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #默认按回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Sorry, passwords do not match.
New password: #数据库root密码000000
Re-enter new password: #再次输入
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables Now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should Now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
（2）配置MysqL1主节点
修改MysqL1节点的数据库配置文件，在配置文件/etc/my.cnf中的[MysqLd]增添内容
log_bin = MysqL-bin #记录操作日志
binlog_ignore_db = MysqL #不同步MysqL系统数据库
server_id = 130 #数据库集群中的每个节点id都要不同一般用IP地址最后段数字
datadir = /var/lib/MysqL
socket = /var/lib/MysqL/MysqL.sockc
[root@MysqL2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@MysqL2 ~]# MysqL -uroot -p000000
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
在MysqL1节点，授权在任何用户客户端机器上可以以root用户登录到数据库，然后在主节点上创建一个user用户连接节点MysqL2，并赋予从节点同步主节点数据库权限。
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by "000000";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'user'@'MysqL2'identified by '000000';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
（3）配置MysqL2从节点
修改MysqL2节点数据库配置文件，在配置文件/etc/my.cof中的[MysqLd]增添以下内容
[root@MysqL2 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[MysqLd]
datadir=/var/lib/MysqL
socket=/var/lib/MysqL/MysqL.sock
log_bin=MysqL-bin
server_id=31
# disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run MysqLd under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[MysqLd_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
在从节点MysqL2上登录Mariadb数据库，配置从节点连接主节点的连接信息。master——host为主节点主机名MysqL1，master_user为上一步创建的用户user
[root@MysqL2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@MysqL2 ~]# MysqL -uroot -p000000
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
-> master_host='MysqL1',master_user='user',master_password='000000';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
配置完毕主从数据库之间的信息之后，开启从节点服务。使用show slave status\G；
命令，并查看从节点服务状态，如果Slave_IO_Running和Slave_sql_Running的状态都为yes，则开启成功
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: MysqL1
Master_User: user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: MysqL-bin.000014
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 886
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000016
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: MysqL-bin.000014
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_sql_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 886
Relay_Log_Space: 1750
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_sql_Errno: 0
Last_sql_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 130
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
验证数据库主从服务
（1） 主节点创建数据库
先在主节点MysqL1中创建库test，并在test中创建表compang，插入表数据，创建完成后，查看表company数据
MariaDB [(none)]> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use test;
Database changed
MariaDB [test]> create table company(id int not null primary key,name varchar(50),addr varchar(255));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> insert into company values(1,"alibaba","china");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
（2）从节点验证复制功能
登陆MysqL2节点的数据库，查看数据库列表。找到test数据库，查询表，并查询内容验证从数据库的复制功能。
可以查看到主数据库中刚刚创建的库、表、信息，验证从数据库的复制功能成功。
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