MariaDB数据库三种安装方式

MysqL安装

MysqL有三种安装方式：yum安装、二进制安装、源码安装，多实例安装

二进制安装

实验环境：Centos7   192.168.37.10
         MysqL版本：mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar

1、准备用户
 # groupadd -r -g 306 MysqL
 # useradd -r -g 306 -u 306 –d /data/MysqL MysqL
2、准备数据目录
 # mkdir /data/MysqL
 # chown MysqL:MysqL /data/MysqL
 [root@test2 /data]#ll
  total 4
  drwxr-xr-x. 2 MysqL MysqL   6 Jul  4 11:04 MysqL
3、准备二进制文件
 # tar xvf mariadb-VERSION-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
 # cd /usr/local
 # ln -sv  mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64/ MysqL
 # chown -R root:MysqL /usr/local/MysqL/
 
 [root@test2 /usr/local/MysqL]#ll
  total 180
  drwxr-xr-x.  2 root MysqL  4096 Mar 15 01:07 bin
  -rw-r--r--.  1 root MysqL 17987 Jun 15 02:29 copYING
  -rw-r--r--.  1 root MysqL  2354 Jun 15 02:29 CREDITS
  drwxrwxr-x.  3 root MysqL    18 Jun 15 23:35 data
  -rw-r--r--.  1 root MysqL  8245 Jun 15 02:29 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
  drwxrwxr-x.  3 root MysqL    19 Jun 15 23:35 include
  -rw-r--r--.  1 root MysqL  8694 Jun 15 02:29 INSTALL-BINARY
  drwxr-xr-x.  5 root MysqL  4096 Mar 15 01:07 lib
 drwxrwxr-x.  4 root MysqL    30 Jun 15 23:35 man
 drwxrwxr-x. 11 root MysqL  4096 Jun 15 23:35 MysqL-test
 -rw-r--r--.  1 root MysqL  2843 Jun 15 02:29 README.md
 -rw-r--r--.  1 root MysqL 19477 Jun 15 02:29 README-wsrep
 drwxrwxr-x.  2 root MysqL    30 Jun 15 23:35 scripts
 drwxrwxr-x. 32 root MysqL  4096 Jun 15 23:35 share
 drwxrwxr-x.  4 root MysqL  4096 Jun 15 23:35 sql-bench
 drwxrwxr-x.  3 root MysqL   275 Jun 15 23:35 support-files
-rw-r--r--.  1 root MysqL 86263 Jun 15 02:29 THIRDPARTY
4、准备配置文件
# mkdir /etc/MysqL/
# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/MysqL/my.cnf  #support-files在MysqL目录下
# vim /etc/MysqL/my.cnf
[MysqLd]中添加三个选项：
28 datadir = /data/MysqL
29 innodb_file_per_table = on     #默认存储引擎innodb
30 skip_name_resolve = on        # 禁止主机名解析，建议使用
5、创建数据库文件
# cd /usr/local/MysqL/
# ./scripts/MysqL_install_db --datadir=/data/MysqL --user=MysqL

6、准备服务脚本，并启动服务
# cp ./support-files/MysqL.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/MysqLd
# chkconfig --add MysqLd
# service MysqLd start

7、PATH路径
# echo ‘PATH=/user/local/MysqL/bin:$PATH’ > /etc/profile.d/env.sh  # 环境变量加入到启动脚本中
(8)安全初始化
/user/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL_secure_installation    # MysqL安全加固     设置数据库管理员root口令
                                                                       禁止root远程登录
                                                                       删除anonymous用户帐号
                                                                       删除test数据库

源码编译安装

实验环境：Centos7   192.168.37.7
         MysqL版本：mariadb-10.2.25.tar
1、安装包解决依赖关系
yum install bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boost-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel
2、做准备用户和存储数据目录
useradd –r –s /sbin/nologin –d /data/MysqL/ MysqL
mkdir /data/MysqL
chown MysqL.MysqL /data/MysqL

3、解压并cmake 编译安装（过程较久需要耐心等待）
tar xvf mariadb-10.2.18.tar.gz

cmake的重要特性之一是其独立于源码(out-of-source)的编译功能，即编译工作可以在另一个指定的目录中而非源码目录中进行，这可以保证源码目录不受任何一次编译的影响，因此在同一个源码树上可以进行多次不同的编译，如针对于不同平台编译
编译选项:https://dev.MysqL.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-configuration-options.html

cd mariadb-10.2.25/
 cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/MysqL \      #  指定安装目录
-DMysqL_DATADIR=/data/MysqL/ \           #  数据库存放路径
-DSYSconfdIR=/etc/ \                     # 选项文件目录
-DMysqL_USER=MysqL \                     # 指定MysqL
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMysqL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/MysqL/MysqL.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \               #指定字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
make && make install
提示：如果出错，执行rm -f CMakeCache.txt

准备环境变量
echo 'PATH=/app/MysqL/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/MysqL.sh
. /etc/profile.d/MysqL.sh
生成数据库文件
cd /app/MysqL/
scripts/MysqL_install_db --datadir=/data/MysqL/ --user=MysqL
准备配置文件
cp /app/MysqL/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
准备启动脚本
cp /app/MysqL/support-files/MysqL.server /etc/init.d/MysqLd
启动服务
chkconfig --add MysqLd 
service MysqLd start

MysqL多实例

MysqL多实例就是在一台服务器上同时开启多个不同的服务端口（如：3306、3307），同时运行多个MysqL服务进程，这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供服务。
这些MysqL多实例共用一套MysqL安装程序，使不同的my.cnf（也可以相同）配置文件、启动程序（也可以相同）和数据文件。在提供服务时，多实例MysqL在逻辑上看来是各自独立的，它们根据配置文件的对应设定值，获得服务器相应数量的硬件资源

实例 ：
实验环境：centos7  192.168.37.30
yum源安装MariaDB多实例
1、安装MariaDB
  # yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB -y
2、创建⽂件夹，将实例按端口号分开
  # mkdir -pv /usr/local/MysqL/{3306,3307,3308}/{data,etc,socket,bin,log,pid}
[root@test2 ~]# tree /usr/local/MysqL
/usr/local/MysqL
├── 3306
│ ├── bin
│ ├── data
│ ├── etc
│ ├── log
│ ├── pid
│ └── socket
├── 3307
│ ├── bin
│ ├── data
│ ├── etc
│ ├── log
│ ├── pid
│ └── socket
└── 3308
├── bin
├── data
├── etc
├── log
├── pid
└── socket
21 directories, 0 files

3、查询用户，无用户则自行创建，具体步骤参考上一个案例
  #  id MysqL
  #  ll -d /usr/local/MysqL/
drwxr-xr-x 5 MysqL MysqL 42 May 22 17:18 /usr/local/MysqL/ 

4、为3个MariaDB实例创建初始化数据
 # MysqL_install_db --user=MysqL --datadir=/usr/local/MysqL/3306/data
 # MysqL_install_db --user=MysqL --datadir=/usr/local/MysqL/3307/data
 # MysqL_install_db --user=MysqL --datadir=/usr/local/MysqL/3308/data
 
5、复制配置文件到多实例并配置
 # cp /usr/share/MysqL/my-huge.cnf /usr/local/MysqL/3306/etc/my.cnf
 
 19 [client]
 20 #password       = your_password
 21 port            = 3306
 22 socket          = /usr/local/MysqL/3306/socket/MysqL.sock
 23 
 24 # Here follows entries for some specific programs
 25 
 26 # The MysqL server
 27 [MysqLd]
 28 datadir = /usr/local/MysqL/3306/data/
 29 port            = 3306
 30 socket          = /usr/local/MysqL/3306/socket/MysqL.sock
 31 log-error = /usr/local/MysqL/3306/log/mariadb.log
 32 pid-file = /usr/local/MysqL/3306/pid/mariadb.pid

其他实例复制配置并修改端口号即可：
  # cp /usr/local/MysqL/3306/etc/my.cnf /usr/local/MysqL/3307/etc/my.cnf
  # sed -i 's/3306/3307/' /usr/local/MysqL/3307/etc/my.cnf
  # cp /usr/local/MysqL/3306/etc/my.cnf /usr/local/MysqL/3308/etc/my.cnf
  # sed -i 's/3306/3308/' /usr/local/MysqL/3308/etc/my.cnf
6、编写启动脚本
  # vim /usr/local/MysqL/3306/bin/MysqLd
  
#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig: 345 80 2
port=3306
MysqL_user="root"
MysqL_basedir="/usr/local/MysqL"
MysqL_sock="${MysqL_basedir}/${port}/socket/MysqL.sock"
function_start_MysqL()
{
if [ ! -e "$MysqL_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MysqL...\n"
MysqLd_safe --defaults-file=${MysqL_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf &> /dev/null &
else
printf "MysqL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
function_stop_MysqL()
{
if [ ! -e "$MysqL_sock" ];then
printf "MysqL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MysqL...\n"
MysqLadmin -u ${MysqL_user} -p${MysqL_pwd} -S ${MysqL_sock} shutdown
fi
}
function_restart_MysqL()
{
printf "Restarting MysqL...\n"
function_stop_MysqL
sleep 2
function_start_MysqL
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_MysqL
;;
stop)
function_stop_MysqL
;;
restart)
function_restart_MysqL
;;
*)
printf "Usage: ${MysqL_basedir}/${port}/bin/MysqLd {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

其实实例复制并配置修改端口号即可
 # chmod 755 /usr/local/MysqL/3306/bin/MysqLd
 # cp /usr/local/MysqL/3306/bin/MysqLd /usr/local/MysqL/3307/bin/MysqLd
 # sed -i 's/3306/3307/' /usr/local/MysqL/3307/bin/MysqLd
 # cp /usr/local/MysqL/3306/bin/MysqLd /usr/local/MysqL/3308/bin/MysqLd
 # sed -i 's/3306/3308/' /usr/local/MysqL/3308/bin/MysqLd
 
 7、启动服务
[root@test2 ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/3306/bin/MysqLd start
Starting MysqL...
[root@test2 ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/3307/bin/MysqLd start
Starting MysqL...
[root@test2 ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/3308/bin/MysqLd start
Starting MysqL...
使用ss -ntl查看端口是否已经存在即可成功创建
8、关闭服务
# /usr/local/MysqL/3308/bin/MysqLd stop
9、 登录和修改密码
 设置初始口令：（这是适合在脚本中免密时使用）
 MysqLadmin -S /usr/lcoal/MysqL/3306/socket/MysqL.sock password 546803
 MysqLadmin -S /usr/lcoal/MysqL/3307/socket/MysqL.sock password 546803
 MysqLadmin -S /usr/lcoal/MysqL/3308/socket/MysqL.sock password 546803
 
 登录：MysqL -uroot -S /usr/local/MysqL/3307/socket/MysqL.sock

MariaDB数据库三种安装方式

MysqL安装

二进制安装

源码编译安装

MysqL多实例

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