postgresql中数据插入，与returning的用法

--批量插入

1.insert into ... select ...

INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME SELECT * FROM SOURCE_TABLE_NAME;

2.insert into values(),(),()

一条sql插入多行数据，相比一条插入能减少与数据库交互，减少数据库wal日志生成，提升插入效率

3.copY或者\copy元命令

测试copy命令效率，测试机：2核2g内存

postgres=# create table tbl_batch4(id int4 ,info text,create_time timestamp(6) with time zone default clock_timestamp());
CREATE TABLE

postgres=# insert into tbl_batch4 (id,info) select n,n||'_batch4' from generate_series(1,10000000) n;
2021-10-14 09:28:01.062 EDT [1718] LOG: checkpoints are occurring too frequently (16 seconds apart)
2021-10-14 09:28:01.062 EDT [1718] HINT: Consider increasing the configuration parameter "max_wal_size".
INSERT 0 10000000
Time: 36805.325 ms (00:36.805)
postgres=# select count(1) from tbl_batch4;
count
----------
10000000
(1 row)

Time: 2660.098 ms (00:02.660)

postgres=# \dt+ tbl_batch4
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Size | Description
--------+------------+-------+----------+--------+-------------
public | tbl_batch4 | table | postgres | 575 MB |
(1 row)

postgres=# copY public.tbl_batch4 to '/home/postgres/tbl_batch4.sql';
copY 10000000
Time: 10605.317 ms (00:10.605)
postgres=# truncate tbl_batch4 ;
TruncATE TABLE
Time: 151.531 ms
postgres=# copY public.tbl_batch4 from '/home/postgres/tbl_batch4.sql';
copY 10000000
Time: 22942.585 ms (00:22.943)

RETURNING返回修改的数据

使用方法（会返回操作的值可以接*表示返回所有字段，可接单独的字段）

postgres=# insert into test_2 values (3) returning *;
 id
----
  3
(1 row)

INSERT 0 1
Time: 0.652 ms