python – 在manage.py测试期间“django.db.utils.ProgrammingError：relation”app_user“不存在”

我的设置：

> Django 1.8.3
> Python 2.7.10
> Ubuntu 14.04
> django-two-factor-auth == 1.2.0

运行python manage.py test时出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/src/venv/bin/django-admin.py", line 5, in <module>
    management.execute_from_command_line()
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 330, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 30, in run_from_argv
    super(Command, self).run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 393, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 74, in execute
    super(Command, self).execute(*args, **options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 444, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 90, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 210, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases()
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 166, in setup_databases
    **kwargs
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 370, in setup_databases
    serialize=connection.settings_dict.get("TEST", {}).get("SERIALIZE", True),
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 368, in create_test_db
    test_flush=not keepdb,
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 120, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 444, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 179, in handle
    created_models = self.sync_apps(connection, executor.loader.unmigrated_apps)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 317, in sync_apps
    cursor.execute(statement)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 97, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 63, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: relation "app_user" does not exist

当我在django / db / backends / utils.py的第62行删除print(sql)语句时,我得到以下输出：

CREATE DATABASE "test_dev"

            SELECT c.relname, c.relkind
            FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
            LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
            WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
                AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
                AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
CREATE TABLE "django_migrations" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "app" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "name" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "applied" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL)

            SELECT c.relname, c.relkind
            FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
            LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
            WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
                AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
                AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x1"
CREATE TABLE "distributedlock_lock" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "key" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "value" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "timestamp" timestamp with time zone NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x1"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x2"
CREATE TABLE "djkombu_queue" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "name" varchar(200) NOT NULL UNIQUE)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x2"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x3"
CREATE TABLE "djkombu_message" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "visible" boolean NOT NULL, "sent_at" timestamp with time zone NULL, "payload" text NOT NULL, "queue_id" integer NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x3"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x4"
CREATE TABLE "otp_static_staticdevice" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "user_id" integer NOT NULL, "name" varchar(64) NOT NULL, "confirmed" boolean NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x4"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x5"
CREATE TABLE "otp_static_statictoken" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "device_id" integer NOT NULL, "token" varchar(16) NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x5"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x6"
CREATE TABLE "otp_totp_totpdevice" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "user_id" integer NOT NULL, "name" varchar(64) NOT NULL, "confirmed" boolean NOT NULL, "key" varchar(80) NOT NULL, "step" smallint NOT NULL CHECK ("step" >= 0), "t0" bigint NOT NULL, "digits" smallint NOT NULL CHECK ("digits" >= 0), "tolerance" smallint NOT NULL CHECK ("tolerance" >= 0), "drift" smallint NOT NULL, "last_t" bigint NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x6"
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_queue_name_1c24e49fd475ad53_like" ON "djkombu_queue" ("name" varchar_pattern_ops)
ALTER TABLE "djkombu_message" ADD CONSTRAINT "djkombu_message_queue_id_12778caea7843dd_fk_djkombu_queue_id" FOREIGN KEY ("queue_id") REFERENCES "djkombu_queue" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_message_46cf0e59" ON "djkombu_message" ("visible")
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_message_df2f2974" ON "djkombu_message" ("sent_at")
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_message_75249aa1" ON "djkombu_message" ("queue_id")
ALTER TABLE "otp_static_staticdevice" ADD CONSTRAINT "otp_static_staticdevice_user_id_39a61f1bd3ec970d_fk_app_user_id" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "ff_user" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED

因此我很清楚,在设置测试数据库时,我的测试会爆炸.具体来说,尝试在otp_static_staticdevice表和我的应用程序的app_user表之间创建外键约束失败.

我的直接问题是,为什么django会在我的应用程序表之前创建OTP表？我的假设是OTP应用程序首先列在我的INSTALLED_APPS中.但这种情况并非如此：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.humanize',
    'app',
    ...
    'django_otp',
    'django_otp.plugins.otp_static',
    'django_otp.plugins.otp_totp',
    'two_factor',
    ...
]

接下来,我查看django / core / management / commands / migrate.py,尝试了解django如何确定其迁移应用程序的顺序.

在第264行(https://github.com/django/django/blob/1.8.3/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py#L264)上删除pdb.set_trace()语句
并期待看看app_labels包含什么,我得到：

set(['djangosaml2', 'django_ace', 'recurly', 'staticfiles', 'distributedlock', 'app_overrides', 'messages', 'django_otp', 'kombu_transport_django', 'otp_totp', 'compressor', 'otp_static', 'humanize', 'ajax_select', 'django_extensions', 'import_export', 'raven_compat', 'crispy_forms', 'emoji'])

这是我在决定寻求帮助之前所得到的.有谁知道Django怎么可能最终没有以正确的顺序创建所有项目的应用程序,以便不会发生正派冲突？

解决方法:

遇到了同样的问题,因为它发生在./manage.py测试中,您的迁移可能会被破坏.
从Django 1.7开始,有一个名为MIGRATION_MODULES的新设置,您可以在其中配置应用程序的迁移模块.
在settings.py(找到here)中添加以下解决方法会跳过测试上的迁移,并为我解决了这个问题：

class disableMigrations(object):

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return True

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return "notmigrations"

MIGRATION_MODULES = disableMigrations()

python – 在manage.py测试期间“django.db.utils.ProgrammingError：relation”app_user“不存在”

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