Page Object设计模式是自动化测试非常重要的一环，很多新入门自动化测试难以理解，先来看官网对PO说明：
1、设计原则
- The public methods represent the services that the page offers
- Try not to expose the internals of the page
- Generally don't make assertions
- Methods return other PageObjects
- Need not represent an entire page
- Different results for the same action are modelled as different methods
翻译如下：
不要暴露页面的细节
Page设计中不要出现断言，应该写在测试用例类中
方法应该返回其它的Page对象
不要去代表整个page
不同的结果返回不同的方法，不同的模式
从字面理解还是比较困难，我们继续看官网例子，官网例子为java
public class LoginPage { private final WebDriver driver; public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) { this.driver = driver; // Check that we're on the right page.
if (!"Login".equals(driver.getTitle())) { // Alternatively, we Could navigate to the login page, perhaps logging out first
throw new IllegalStateException("This is not the login page");
}
} // The login page contains several HTML elements that will be represented as WebElements. // The locators for these elements should only be defined once.
By usernameLocator = By.id("username");
By passwordLocator = By.id("passwd");
By loginButtonLocator = By.id("login"); // The login page allows the user to type their username into the username field
public LoginPage typeUsername(String username) { // This is the only place that "kNows" how to enter a username driver.findElement(usernameLocator).sendKeys(username); // Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
return this;
} // The login page allows the user to type their password into the password field
public LoginPage typePassword(String password) { // This is the only place that "kNows" how to enter a password driver.findElement(passwordLocator).sendKeys(password); // Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
return this;
} // The login page allows the user to submit the login form
public HomePage submitLogin() { // This is the only place that submits the login form and expects the destination to be the home page. // A seperate method should be created for the instance of clicking login whilst expecting a login failure. driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).submit(); // Return a new page object representing the destination. Should the login page ever // go somewhere else (for example, a legal disclaimer) then changing the method signature // for this method will mean that all tests that rely on this behavIoUr won't compile.
return new HomePage(driver);
} // The login page allows the user to submit the login form kNowing that an invalid username and / or password were entered
public LoginPage submitLoginExpectingFailure() { // This is the only place that submits the login form and expects the destination to be the login page due to login failure. driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).submit(); // Return a new page object representing the destination. Should the user ever be navigated to the home page after submiting a login with credentials
// expected to fail login, the script will fail when it attempts to instantiate the LoginPage PageObject.
return new LoginPage(driver);
} // Conceptually, the login page offers the user the service of being able to "log into" // the application using a user name and password.
public HomePage loginAs(String username, String password) { // The PageObject methods that enter username, password & submit login have already defined and should not be repeated here. typeUsername(username);
typePassword(password); return submitLogin();
}
}
以上学习依然费劲，下面我们以登录为例，用PageObject模式开发脚本：
login.py 登录类Page
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_#大牛测试#qq:2574674466#[email protected] loginPage(base): #对用户名元素封装 def username(self): return self.by_id("nloginname") #对密码元素封装 def passwd(self): return self.by_id("npwd") #对登录按钮封装 def btn(self): return self.by_id("nsubmit") #对登录方法封装 def LoginIn(self,username,passwd): self.username().send_keys(username) self.passwd().send_keys(passwd) self.btn().click()
base.py 基类封装，
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_#大牛测试#qq:2574674466#[email protected] base(): def __init__(self,driver): self.driver = driver #id定位 def by_id(self,element): return self.driver.find_element_by_id(element) #name定位 def by_name(self,element): return self.driver.find_element_by_name(element) #xpath定位 def by_xpath(self,element): return self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(element)
loginTest.py 登录测试类
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_#大牛测试#qq:2574674466#[email protected] logingTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): #初始化 self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(path) def test_01(self): lo=loginPage(self.driver) l=lo.LoginIn("","") def tearDown(self): #执行完成后退出 self.driver.quit()if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
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