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史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

 一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序

  1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包

  2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

  <!--configure the setting of springmvcdispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?>
<beans xmlns=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    xmlns:xsi=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
    xmlns:context=http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    xmlns:mvc=http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    xsi:schemaLocation=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd>                    

    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package=test.SpringMVC/>

    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
    <bean class=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver 
            id=internalResourceViewResolver>
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name=prefix value=/WEB-INF/jsp/ />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name=suffix value=.jsp />
    </bean>
</beans>

  4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。

  5.建立包及Controller,如下所示

  6.编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping(/mvc)
public class mvcController {

    @RequestMapping(/hello)
    public String hello(){        
        return hello;
    }
}

  7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

 二、配置解析

  1.dispatcherservlet

  dispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。

  2.InternalResourceViewResolver

  视图名称解析器

  3.以上出现的注解

  @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

 三、SpringMVC常用注解

  @Controller

  负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping

  注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

  @RequestBody

  该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

  @ResponseBody

  该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区

  @modelattribute    

  在方法定义上使用 @modelattribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用方法级上标注了@modelattribute方法

  在方法的入参前使用 @modelattribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

  @RequestParam 

  在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

  @PathVariable

  绑定 URL 占位符到入参

  @ExceptionHandler

  注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法

  @ControllerAdvice

  使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

 四、自动匹配参数

  //match automatically
  @RequestMapping(/person)
  public String toPerson(String name,double age){
      System.out.println(name+ +age);
      return hello;
  }

 五、自动装箱

  1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;

public class Person {
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    private String name;
    private int age;
    
}

  2.在Controller里编写方法

  //Boxing automatically
  @RequestMapping(/person1)
  public String toPerson(Person p){
      System.out.println(p.getName()+ +p.getAge());
      return hello;
  }

 六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

 //the parameter was converted in initBinder
 @RequestMapping(/date)
 public String date(Date date){
     System.out.println(date);
     return hello;
 }
    
 //At the time of initialization,convert the type String to type date
 @InitBinder
 public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
     binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat(yyyy-MM-dd),true));
 }

 七、向前台传递参数

 //pass the parameters to front-end
 @RequestMapping(/show)
 public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
     Person p =new Person();
     map.put(p,p);
     p.setAge(20);
     p.setName(jayjay);
     return show;
 }

  前台可在Request域中取到p

 八、使用Ajax调用

 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
 @RequestMapping(/getPerson)
 public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
     pw.write(hello,+name);        
 }
 @RequestMapping(/name)
 public String sayHello(){
     return name;
 }

  前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

 $(function(){
     $(#btn).click(function(){
        $.post(mvc/getPerson,{name:$(#name).val()},function(data){
             alert(data);
         });
     });
 });

 九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

  //redirect 
  @RequestMapping(/redirect)
  public String redirect(){
      return redirect:hello;
  }

 十、文件上传

  1.需要导入两个jar包

  2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

  <!-- upload settings -->
  <bean id=multipartResolver  class=org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver>
      <property name=maxUploadSize value=102400000></property>
  </bean>

  3.方法代码

    @RequestMapping(value=/upload,method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
        MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
        multipartfile file = mreq.getFile(file);
        String fileName = file.getoriginalFilename();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(yyyyMMddHHmmss);        
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath(/)+
                upload/+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
        fos.write(file.getBytes());
        fos.flush();
        fos.close();
        
        return hello;
    }

  4.前台form表单

   <form action=mvc/upload method=post enctype=multipart/form-data>
       <input type=file name=file><br>
       <input type=submit value=submit>
   </form>

 十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller
@RequestMapping(/test)
public class mvcController1 {
    @RequestMapping(value=/param)
    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value=id) Integer id,@RequestParam(value=name)String name){
        System.out.println(id+ +name);
        return /hello;
    }    
}

 十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

  1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping(/rest)
public class RestController {
    @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String get(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){
        System.out.println(get+id);
        return /hello;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String post(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){
        System.out.println(post+id);
        return /hello;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String put(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){
        System.out.println(put+id);
        return /hello;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String delete(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){
        System.out.println(delete+id);
        return /hello;
    }
    
}

  2.form表单发送put和delete请求

  在web.xml中配置

  <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
  <filter>
      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

    <form action=rest/user/1 method=post>
        <input type=hidden name=_method value=PUT>
        <input type=submit value=put>
    </form>
    
    <form action=rest/user/1 method=post>
        <input type=submit value=post>
    </form>
    
    <form action=rest/user/1 method=get>
        <input type=submit value=get>
    </form>
    
    <form action=rest/user/1 method=post>
        <input type=hidden name=_method value=DELETE>
        <input type=submit value=delete>
    </form>

 十三、返回json格式的字符串

  1.导入以下jar包

  2.方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping(/json)
public class jsonController {
    
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(/user)
    public  User get(){
        User u = new User();
        u.setId(1);
        u.setName(jayjay);
        u.setBirth(new Date());
        return u;
    }
}

 十四、异常的处理

  1.处理局部异常(Controller内)

 @ExceptionHandler
 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
     ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(error);
     mv.addobject(exception,ex);
     System.out.println(in testExceptionHandler);
     return mv;
 }
    
 @RequestMapping(/error)
 public String error(){
     int i = 5/0;
     return hello;
 }

  2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
    @ExceptionHandler
    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(error);
        mv.addobject(exception,ex);
        System.out.println(in testControllerAdvice);
        return mv;
    }
}

  3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

  <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
  <bean class=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver>
      <property name=exceptionMappings>
          <props>
              <prop key=java.lang.ArithmeticException>error</prop>
          </props>
      </property>
  </bean>

  error是出错页面

 十五、设置一个自定义拦截

  1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现handlerinterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements handlerinterceptor {

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,HttpServletResponse arg1,Object arg2,Exception arg3)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println(afterCompletion);
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0,ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(postHandle);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0,Object arg2) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(preHandle);
        return true;
    }

}

  2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

    <!-- interceptor setting -->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path=/mvc/**/>
            <bean class=test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>        
    </mvc:interceptors>

  3.拦截器执行顺序

 十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化

  1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

  2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }
    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return User [id= + id + ,name= + name + ,birth= + birth + ];
    }    
    private int id;
    @NotEmpty
    private String name;

    @Past
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern=yyyy-MM-dd)
    private Date birth;
}

  ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

  3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

    <form:form action=form/add method=post modelattribute=user>
        id:<form:input path=id/><form:errors path=id/><br>
        name:<form:input path=name/><form:errors path=name/><br>
        birth:<form:input path=birth/><form:errors path=birth/>
        <input type=submit value=submit>
    </form:form> 

  ps:path对应name

  4.Controller中代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping(/form)
public class formController {
    @RequestMapping(value=/add,method=RequestMethod.POST)    
    public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            
            return addUser;
        }
        return showUser;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value=/add,method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put(user,new User());
        return addUser;
    }
}

  ps:

  1.因为jsp中使用了modelattribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个user.

  2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

  3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

  5.错误信息自定义

  在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

    <!-- configure the locale resource -->
    <bean id=messageSource class=org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource>
        <property name=basename value=locale></property>
    </bean>

  6.国际化显示

  在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

  locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

  创建一个locale.jsp

  <body>
    <fmt:message key=username></fmt:message>
    <fmt:message key=password></fmt:message>
  </body>

  在SpringMVC中配置

    <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
    <mvc:view-controller path=/locale view-name=locale/>

  让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

  最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

 十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

  1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类

  2.User实体类

public class User {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }
    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return User [id= + id + ,birth= + birth + ];
    }    
    private int id;
    @NotEmpty
    private String name;

    @Past
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern=yyyy-MM-dd)
    private Date birth;
}

  3.UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {
    public UserService(){
        System.out.println(UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n);
    }
    
    public void save(){
        System.out.println(save);
    }
}

  4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping(/integrate)
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    @RequestMapping(/user)
    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @modelattribute User u){
        System.out.println(u);
        userService.save();
        return hello;
    }
}

  5.Spring配置文件

  在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?>
<beans xmlns=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    xmlns:xsi=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
    xsi:schemaLocation=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        
        xmlns:util=http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        xmlns:p=http://www.springframework.org/schema/p
        xmlns:context=http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
        >
    <context:component-scan base-package=test.SpringMVC.integrate>
        <context:exclude-filter type=annotation 
            expression=org.springframework.stereotype.Controller/>
        <context:exclude-filter type=annotation 
            expression=org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice/>        
    </context:component-scan>
    
</beans>

  在Web.xml中添加配置

  <!-- configure the springIOC -->
  <listener>
      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <context-param>  
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package=test.SpringMVC.integrate>
        <context:include-filter type=annotation 
            expression=org.springframework.stereotype.Controller/>
        <context:include-filter type=annotation 
            expression=org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice/>
    </context:component-scan>

 十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

 十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

  1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

  2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。

  3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

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