一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
<!--configure the setting of springmvcdispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?> <beans xmlns=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans xmlns:xsi=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xmlns:context=http://www.springframework.org/schema/context xmlns:mvc=http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc xsi:schemaLocation=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package=test.SpringMVC/> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean class=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver id=internalResourceViewResolver> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name=prefix value=/WEB-INF/jsp/ /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name=suffix value=.jsp /> </bean> </beans>
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
@Controller @RequestMapping(/mvc) public class mvcController { @RequestMapping(/hello) public String hello(){ return hello; } }
7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.dispatcherservlet
dispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
在方法定义上使用 @modelattribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@modelattribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @modelattribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
//match automatically @RequestMapping(/person) public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+ +age); return hello; }
五、自动装箱
package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age; }
2.在Controller里编写方法
//Boxing automatically @RequestMapping(/person1) public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+ +p.getAge()); return hello; }
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping(/date) public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return hello; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type String to type date @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat(yyyy-MM-dd),true)); }
七、向前台传递参数
//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping(/show) public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =new Person(); map.put(p,p); p.setAge(20); p.setName(jayjay); return show; }
前台可在Request域中取到p
八、使用Ajax调用
//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping(/getPerson) public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write(hello,+name); } @RequestMapping(/name) public String sayHello(){ return name; }
$(function(){ $(#btn).click(function(){ $.post(mvc/getPerson,{name:$(#name).val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); });
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
//redirect @RequestMapping(/redirect) public String redirect(){ return redirect:hello; }
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
<!-- upload settings --> <bean id=multipartResolver class=org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver> <property name=maxUploadSize value=102400000></property> </bean>
@RequestMapping(value=/upload,method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; multipartfile file = mreq.getFile(file); String fileName = file.getoriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(yyyyMMddHHmmss); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath(/)+ upload/+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return hello; }
4.前台form表单
<form action=mvc/upload method=post enctype=multipart/form-data> <input type=file name=file><br> <input type=submit value=submit> </form>
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
@Controller @RequestMapping(/test) public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value=/param) public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value=id) Integer id,@RequestParam(value=name)String name){ System.out.println(id+ +name); return /hello; } }
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
@Controller @RequestMapping(/rest) public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){ System.out.println(get+id); return /hello; } @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){ System.out.println(post+id); return /hello; } @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){ System.out.println(put+id); return /hello; } @RequestMapping(value=/user/{id},method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable(id) Integer id){ System.out.println(delete+id); return /hello; } }
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
<form action=rest/user/1 method=post> <input type=hidden name=_method value=PUT> <input type=submit value=put> </form> <form action=rest/user/1 method=post> <input type=submit value=post> </form> <form action=rest/user/1 method=get> <input type=submit value=get> </form> <form action=rest/user/1 method=post> <input type=hidden name=_method value=DELETE> <input type=submit value=delete> </form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
@Controller @RequestMapping(/json) public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(/user) public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName(jayjay); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; } }
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常(Controller内)
@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(error); mv.addobject(exception,ex); System.out.println(in testExceptionHandler); return mv; } @RequestMapping(/error) public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return hello; }
2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(error); mv.addobject(exception,ex); System.out.println(in testControllerAdvice); return mv; } }
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <bean class=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver> <property name=exceptionMappings> <props> <prop key=java.lang.ArithmeticException>error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现handlerinterceptor接口
public class MyInterceptor implements handlerinterceptor { @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,HttpServletResponse arg1,Object arg2,Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println(afterCompletion); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0,ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println(postHandle); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0,Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println(preHandle); return true; } }
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
<!-- interceptor setting --> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path=/mvc/**/> <bean class=test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return User [id= + id + ,name= + name + ,birth= + birth + ]; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern=yyyy-MM-dd) private Date birth; }
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
<form:form action=form/add method=post modelattribute=user> id:<form:input path=id/><form:errors path=id/><br> name:<form:input path=name/><form:errors path=name/><br> birth:<form:input path=birth/><form:errors path=birth/> <input type=submit value=submit> </form:form>
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
@Controller @RequestMapping(/form) public class formController { @RequestMapping(value=/add,method=RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ return addUser; } return showUser; } @RequestMapping(value=/add,method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put(user,new User()); return addUser; } }
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelattribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个user.
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<!-- configure the locale resource --> <bean id=messageSource class=org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource> <property name=basename value=locale></property> </bean>
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号 password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
<body> <fmt:message key=username></fmt:message> <fmt:message key=password></fmt:message> </body>
在SpringMVC中配置
<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> <mvc:view-controller path=/locale view-name=locale/>
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类
2.User实体类
public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return User [id= + id + ,birth= + birth + ]; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern=yyyy-MM-dd) private Date birth; }
3.UserService类
@Component public class UserService { public UserService(){ System.out.println(UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n); } public void save(){ System.out.println(save); } }
4.UserController
@Controller @RequestMapping(/integrate) public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping(/user) public String saveUser(@RequestBody @modelattribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return hello; } }
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?> <beans xmlns=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans xmlns:xsi=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocation=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd xmlns:util=http://www.springframework.org/schema/util xmlns:p=http://www.springframework.org/schema/p xmlns:context=http://www.springframework.org/schema/context > <context:component-scan base-package=test.SpringMVC.integrate> <context:exclude-filter type=annotation expression=org.springframework.stereotype.Controller/> <context:exclude-filter type=annotation expression=org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice/> </context:component-scan> </beans>
在Web.xml中添加配置
<!-- configure the springIOC --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package=test.SpringMVC.integrate> <context:include-filter type=annotation expression=org.springframework.stereotype.Controller/> <context:include-filter type=annotation expression=org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice/> </context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
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